Tea tree short spike cuttings can achieve rapid multiplication of tea seedlings while maintaining the excellent characteristics of the mother tree, which is the best way to promote the asexualization of tea trees, including albino tea, at present.
Nursery technical process
Seedling plan: should determine the seedling species, the number, time, funds, materials, labor and other preparations.
Cultivate spike: determine what kind of spike source, advance implementation of arrangements to cultivate spike branches.
Nursery preparation: the nursery and seedbed should be prepared in advance and equipped with the corresponding materials.
Cutting spike cuttings: cuttings should be cut, cuttings and nursery management of the three synchronized.
Nursery management: do a good job of water, temperature, light, fertilizer cultivation, pests and weeds, branch control and other management work.
Seedling starting out of the nursery: do a good job in the nursery before starting water control, packaging materials and other preparations, according to the standard seedling starting.
The nursery cycle and time
Cuttings nursery cycle generally takes 1 year of growth time to breed robust and qualified tea seedlings. However, with the progress of seedling and planting technology, the seedling cycle towards the appropriate shortening direction. Many self-propagation and self-breeding, in the vicinity of seedlings, ecological conditions, often using small size seedlings transplanted; using advanced facilities such as facilities technology seedlings, often do not need 1 year of growth time, tea seedlings have reached the specifications; in addition to fine planting technology also provides a guarantee for the early release of tea seedlings from the nursery. Some places boldly use the plum season, autumn planting, cultivation effect is often better than winter and spring planting.
In terms of nursery time, in addition to the spring tip of the immature period and can not take spike cuttings, other times of the year can be cuttings nursery. According to the spike source characteristics, seedling cycle, technical keys and other elements, cutting time is divided into plum cuttings, summer cuttings, autumn cuttings, winter cuttings, spring cuttings and other five periods. The following short spike cuttings of albino tea tree in Ningbo area and the same cumulative temperature region as an example to introduce the key points of each time cuttings.
1. Plum cuttings
The cutting period is from mid-June to early July; the harvesting nursery is pruned before the spring tea buds; the nursery can be released after the growth rest in autumn. Advantages are high survival rate of cuttings, dense root mass, short nursery cycle; disadvantage is that the tea seedling specifications are low, seedling height between 10 to 20 cm. Plum plugging, should try to fight early plugging, and at the same time to strengthen the supply of light, fertilizer and water. If the time is too late, the management is not in place, the amount of growth is often not enough, it is difficult to transplant after the autumn, especially high mountains and high latitude tea area is not very suitable for plum plug; after the autumn to the following spring transplant, although the root group is more concentrated, conducive to survival, but the planting year to strengthen the tube care is vital. In addition, when the degree of spring whitening is too high, it is also not suitable for harvesting spikes, and plum plugging will also bring about a reduction in the income of the mother garden spring tea.
2. summer cuttings
The cutting period is from mid-July to late August; the harvesting bed should be in the early end of spring tea, pruning to raise spikes, or use the transformation of tea plantations, three-dimensional tea garden harvesting spikes; out of the nursery generally to the next year after the autumn. The advantage is that the spike branch has not yet formed buds, short healing time after insertion, fast growth and development, high survival rate; disadvantage is that the cuttings season is high temperature, labor intensity, long-distance off-site spike picking high risk; tea seedlings in the cuttings can reach more than 10 cm height in the year, the next year's growth, cuttings too dense often cause tea seedlings due to high and quality decline.
3. Autumn cuttings
The cutting period is from early September to late October; the spike source can come from the mother garden, nursery or stereoscopic tea garden that is pruned and raised after spring; the nursery is usually after the second autumn. The advantage is that this time the climate is pleasant, can be inserted for a long period of time, the spike source is wide, less labor-intensive, easy to grow arrangements, and cuttings are often formed that year complete plants or healing tissue, can safely overwinter; disadvantage is that improper breeding spike, often with a large number of buds, increasing the workload of cutting spikes or inserting buds after extinction. The earlier cuttings are taken during this period, the better the survival rate and growth of tea seedlings.
4. Winter cuttings
Cuttings for the period from early November to early December; spike branch source with the autumn plug; out of the nursery generally to the following year after the autumn. This time cuttings, the spike has entered a dormant state, basically will not form a wound healing; overwintering technology requirements are high, and the following year, the tea seedlings are basically the same as the development of tea seedlings cut before spring. Winter plugging is often in the southern warm region viable, other regions are generally not advocated.
5. Spring plugging
Time before the sprouting of spring tea, the spike branch source with the autumn plug, the nursery is in the autumn of the year after. Spring plugging is mostly applicable to tea areas with mild climate. Because the cuttings are in the pre-sap flow, the spike can immediately enter the budding period, so the survival rate can be guaranteed, but should strengthen the level of fertilization management after insertion, in order to ensure that there is sufficient growth.
The quality requirements of tea seedlings
According to the standard of Ningbo white tea, the cuttings are divided into first grade and second grade. The specification of first grade seedlings requires: 95% of seedlings with basal thickness above 2.5 mm, plant height above 25 cm and root system above 15 cm, and 95% of seedlings with root system above 15 cm; the specification of second grade seedlings requires: 95% of seedlings with basal thickness above 2 mm, plant height above 18 cm and root system above 15 cm, and 95% of seedlings with root system above 4. All are free of tea root knot nematode, tea root rot, tea cake disease and other quarantine objects, purity 100%.
The ideal albino tea seedlings should first look at the thickness of branch tips and root system development, followed by the height, the thickness of 3 mm or more, root system dense, more than one branch, height 25 to 40 cm is the most ideal. Some seedlings are only 15-20 cm in height, but the stems and branches are thick and the root system is well developed, which should be ideal for strong seedlings. From the application practice of seedling cuttings, if the height control and promotion of the treatment during the seedling, increase the branching density, the formation of more than two branches, such tea seedlings are more conducive to the rapid formation of the crown after transplanting.
Post time: Feb-14-2023